Programming Fundamentals
程序设计基础是软件工程专业的入门课程，主要讲授程序设计的基本概念与方法。课程以C语言或Python为载体，内容涵盖变量与数据类型、运算符、控制结构（顺序、选择、循环）、函数、数组、指针、结构体与文件操作等。学生将掌握结构化程序设计思想，培养良好的编程规范与调试能力，为后续数据结构、面向对象设计等高级课程打下坚实基础。
Programming Fundamentals is the entry-level course for software engineering majors, teaching basic programming concepts and methods. Using C or Python as the vehicle, topics cover variables and data types, operators, control structures, functions, arrays, pointers, structs, and file I/O. Students master structured programming principles, coding standards, and debugging skills, laying a solid foundation for advanced courses like data structures and object-oriented design.
学生需独立开发一个学生成绩管理程序，支持学生信息录入、成绩录入、按学号或姓名查询、统计平均分与排名、数据保存到文件等功能。要求使用结构化设计方法，模块化编码，并提供友好的命令行交互界面。提交可运行程序、源代码与设计说明书。
Students independently develop a student grade management program supporting information entry, grade input, query by ID or name, average and ranking statistics, and file persistence. Requires structured modular design with a friendly command-line interface. Submit a runnable program, source code, and design documentation.