← 返回首页

有机化学

Organic Chemistry

课程介绍 Course Introduction

学分:4 | 先修课:普通化学 | 学期:大二上

有机化学是化学工程专业的重要基础课,研究含碳化合物的结构、性质、合成与反应机理。内容包括烷烃、烯烃、炔烃、芳香烃、卤代烃、醇酚醚、醛酮醌、羧酸及其衍生物、含氮化合物等各类有机物的结构与反应,以及立体化学、波谱分析、有机合成路线设计等。学生将掌握有机化学基本理论与实验技能,为后续专业课程奠定基础。

Organic Chemistry is a key foundational course for chemical engineering majors, studying the structure, properties, synthesis, and reaction mechanisms of carbon-containing compounds. Topics include alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons, alkyl halides, alcohols, phenols, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids and derivatives, nitrogen-containing compounds, stereochemistry, spectral analysis, and organic synthesis design. Students master fundamental theories and experimental skills.

大作业 Final Project

作业标题:目标分子有机合成路线设计与机理分析 / Target Molecule Organic Synthesis Route Design and Mechanism Analysis

针对指定目标分子设计可行的有机合成路线,分析关键反应机理并进行波谱结构表征。比较不同路线的优劣与原子经济性。

Design feasible organic synthesis routes for a specified target molecule, analyze key reaction mechanisms and perform spectral structural characterization. Compare pros/cons and atom economy of different routes.

实施步骤 Implementation Steps

📋 示例:选一个药物中间体作为目标分子,比如布洛芬的合成。你需要设计至少两条不同的合成路线,分析每一步的反应机理和原子经济性,然后用波谱数据验证产物结构,比较哪条路线收率更高、成本更低。
步骤 1
目标分子分析
本步骤对化工过程进行热力学分析和火用分析,揭示过程的能量利用效率和不可逆损失。火用分析是评估过程能量品质的高级方法,基于热力学第二定律,量化各单元的火用损失,找出能量利用的薄弱环节。为节能改造和工艺优化提供方向性指导。

• 确定环境状态参数(T0、P0),计算各流股的焓、熵和火用值,建立火用衡算方程
• 计算各单元设备的火用损失和火用效率,识别不可逆损失最大的关键设备
• 绘制热集成温焓图(T-H图)和夹点分析,确定最小公用工程用量和节能潜力
产出:火用分析报告(含火用衡算表、各单元火用损失分布图、夹点分析图、节能潜力评估) | 质量标准:火用衡算闭合、损失分布清晰、节能潜力分析合理
步骤 2
逆合成分析
本步骤对化工过程进行热力学分析和火用分析,揭示过程的能量利用效率和不可逆损失。火用分析是评估过程能量品质的高级方法,基于热力学第二定律,量化各单元的火用损失,找出能量利用的薄弱环节。为节能改造和工艺优化提供方向性指导。

• 确定环境状态参数(T0、P0),计算各流股的焓、熵和火用值,建立火用衡算方程
• 计算各单元设备的火用损失和火用效率,识别不可逆损失最大的关键设备
• 绘制热集成温焓图(T-H图)和夹点分析,确定最小公用工程用量和节能潜力
产出:火用分析报告(含火用衡算表、各单元火用损失分布图、夹点分析图、节能潜力评估) | 质量标准:火用衡算闭合、损失分布清晰、节能潜力分析合理
步骤 3
反应机理研究
本步骤对化工过程进行热力学分析和火用分析,揭示过程的能量利用效率和不可逆损失。火用分析是评估过程能量品质的高级方法,基于热力学第二定律,量化各单元的火用损失,找出能量利用的薄弱环节。为节能改造和工艺优化提供方向性指导。

• 确定环境状态参数(T0、P0),计算各流股的焓、熵和火用值,建立火用衡算方程
• 计算各单元设备的火用损失和火用效率,识别不可逆损失最大的关键设备
• 绘制热集成温焓图(T-H图)和夹点分析,确定最小公用工程用量和节能潜力
产出:火用分析报告(含火用衡算表、各单元火用损失分布图、夹点分析图、节能潜力评估) | 质量标准:火用衡算闭合、损失分布清晰、节能潜力分析合理
步骤 4
波谱表征方案
本步骤是化学工程项目的关键环节,运用化工原理和专业方法解决工艺问题。化学工程强调三传一反规律,每一步都需要严谨的热力学分析和物料能量衡算。采用行业标准方法和专业化工软件确保设计的可靠性和经济性。

• 依据化工设计规范和标准,制定详细的技术方案和计算方法
• 使用专业化工软件(Aspen Plus/PROII/ChemCAD等)进行流程模拟和优化计算
• 进行物料衡算、能量衡算验证,确保结果准确可靠并满足工程要求
产出:化工设计报告(含工艺流程图、物料能量衡算、设备选型、经济分析) | 质量标准:方法规范、数据准确、设计合理、经济可行
步骤 5
路线评价与报告
本步骤是化学工程项目的关键环节,运用化工原理和专业方法解决工艺问题。化学工程强调三传一反规律,每一步都需要严谨的热力学分析和物料能量衡算。采用行业标准方法和专业化工软件确保设计的可靠性和经济性。

• 依据化工设计规范和标准,制定详细的技术方案和计算方法
• 使用专业化工软件(Aspen Plus/PROII/ChemCAD等)进行流程模拟和优化计算
• 进行物料衡算、能量衡算验证,确保结果准确可靠并满足工程要求
产出:化工设计报告(含工艺流程图、物料能量衡算、设备选型、经济分析) | 质量标准:方法规范、数据准确、设计合理、经济可行

Steps

Step 1
Target Molecule Analysis
This step performs thermodynamic analysis and exergy analysis of chemical processes, revealing process energy utilization efficiency and irreversible losses. Exergy analysis is an advanced method for evaluating process energy quality, quantifying exergy losses of each unit based on the second law of thermodynamics, identifying weak links in energy utilization. Provides directional guidance for energy-saving retrofitting and process optimization.

• Determine environmental state parameters (T0, P0), calculate enthalpy, entropy and exergy values of each stream, establish exergy balance equations
• Calculate exergy loss and exergy efficiency of each unit equipment, identify key equipment with maximum irreversible loss
• Plot heat integration temperature-enthalpy diagram (T-H diagram) and pinch analysis, determine minimum utility consumption and energy saving potential
Deliverable: Exergy analysis report (including exergy balance table, unit exergy loss distribution diagram, pinch analysis diagram, energy saving potential assessment) | Quality standard: Exergy balance closed, clear loss distribution, reasonable energy saving potential analysis
Step 2
Retrosynthetic Analysis
This step performs thermodynamic analysis and exergy analysis of chemical processes, revealing process energy utilization efficiency and irreversible losses. Exergy analysis is an advanced method for evaluating process energy quality, quantifying exergy losses of each unit based on the second law of thermodynamics, identifying weak links in energy utilization. Provides directional guidance for energy-saving retrofitting and process optimization.

• Determine environmental state parameters (T0, P0), calculate enthalpy, entropy and exergy values of each stream, establish exergy balance equations
• Calculate exergy loss and exergy efficiency of each unit equipment, identify key equipment with maximum irreversible loss
• Plot heat integration temperature-enthalpy diagram (T-H diagram) and pinch analysis, determine minimum utility consumption and energy saving potential
Deliverable: Exergy analysis report (including exergy balance table, unit exergy loss distribution diagram, pinch analysis diagram, energy saving potential assessment) | Quality standard: Exergy balance closed, clear loss distribution, reasonable energy saving potential analysis
Step 3
Reaction Mechanism Study
This step performs thermodynamic analysis and exergy analysis of chemical processes, revealing process energy utilization efficiency and irreversible losses. Exergy analysis is an advanced method for evaluating process energy quality, quantifying exergy losses of each unit based on the second law of thermodynamics, identifying weak links in energy utilization. Provides directional guidance for energy-saving retrofitting and process optimization.

• Determine environmental state parameters (T0, P0), calculate enthalpy, entropy and exergy values of each stream, establish exergy balance equations
• Calculate exergy loss and exergy efficiency of each unit equipment, identify key equipment with maximum irreversible loss
• Plot heat integration temperature-enthalpy diagram (T-H diagram) and pinch analysis, determine minimum utility consumption and energy saving potential
Deliverable: Exergy analysis report (including exergy balance table, unit exergy loss distribution diagram, pinch analysis diagram, energy saving potential assessment) | Quality standard: Exergy balance closed, clear loss distribution, reasonable energy saving potential analysis
Step 4
Spectral Characterization Plan
This step is a critical element in chemical engineering projects, using chemical engineering principles and professional methods to solve process problems. Chemical engineering emphasizes transport phenomena and reaction engineering, requiring rigorous thermodynamic analysis and material/energy balance at every step. Industry standard methods and professional chemical engineering software are used to ensure design reliability and economics.

• Develop detailed technical solutions and calculation methods according to chemical engineering design specifications and standards
• Use professional chemical engineering software (Aspen Plus/PROII/ChemCAD, etc.) for process simulation and optimization calculations
• Perform material balance and energy balance verification, ensuring results are accurate and reliable and meet engineering requirements
Deliverable: Chemical engineering design report (including process flow diagram, material and energy balance, equipment selection, economic analysis) | Quality standard: Standard methods, accurate data, reasonable design, economically feasible
Step 5
Route Evaluation and Report
This step is a critical element in chemical engineering projects, using chemical engineering principles and professional methods to solve process problems. Chemical engineering emphasizes transport phenomena and reaction engineering, requiring rigorous thermodynamic analysis and material/energy balance at every step. Industry standard methods and professional chemical engineering software are used to ensure design reliability and economics.

• Develop detailed technical solutions and calculation methods according to chemical engineering design specifications and standards
• Use professional chemical engineering software (Aspen Plus/PROII/ChemCAD, etc.) for process simulation and optimization calculations
• Perform material balance and energy balance verification, ensuring results are accurate and reliable and meet engineering requirements
Deliverable: Chemical engineering design report (including process flow diagram, material and energy balance, equipment selection, economic analysis) | Quality standard: Standard methods, accurate data, reasonable design, economically feasible
← 返回化学工程 下一门:物理化学 → 🎲 Random Course
Prerequisites · International Exams · Contact · Back to top · Home