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设施规划与设计

Facility Planning and Design

课程介绍 Course Introduction

学分:3 | 先修课:生产运作管理、工程制图 | 学期:秋季

设施规划与设计研究工厂、仓库、服务设施等各类设施的选址、布局设计和物料搬运系统设计。课程内容包括设施选址方法、设施规划流程、物流分析与生产流程、系统化布置设计(SLP)、部门间流量分析、布局优化算法、物料搬运系统设计、仓储系统设计、自动化仓储系统、设施设计软件应用等。学生将学习运用定量方法和CAD工具进行设施方案设计与评价。

Facility Planning and Design studies the location, layout design, and material handling system design of various facilities such as factories, warehouses, and service facilities. Topics include facility location methods, facility planning process, logistics analysis and production flow, systematic layout planning (SLP), interdepartmental flow analysis, layout optimization algorithms, material handling system design, warehouse system design, automated storage and retrieval systems, and facility design software applications. Students learn to apply quantitative methods and CAD tools for facility design and evaluation.

大作业 Final Project

作业标题:制造车间设施布局优化设计 / Manufacturing Workshop Facility Layout Optimization

针对指定制造车间完成设施布局优化设计,包括SLP分析、流量计算与布局方案优化。运用CAD工具完成布置图绘制。

Complete facility layout optimization design for a specified manufacturing workshop, including SLP analysis, flow calculation and layout scheme optimization. Use CAD tools to complete layout drawing.

实施步骤 Implementation Steps

📋 示例:优化一个真实制造车间的布局,比如一个5000平方米的机加工车间。你需要用SLP法分析物流关系和非物流关系,计算物料搬运强度,然后用AutoCAD或Plant Simulation对比3种布局方案,选出总搬运距离最短的一种。
步骤 1
物流分析
本步骤对工业工程问题进行系统分析,识别问题本质和改进机会。工业工程以系统优化为核心,通过数据分析和流程建模,从效率、质量、成本多个维度评估系统现状。采用价值流图、流程分析、数据统计等方法诊断问题根源。

• 进行现场调研和数据收集,使用秒表法、工作抽样法或视频分析法获取作业时间数据
• 绘制价值流图(VSM)或流程图,识别瓶颈工序、浪费环节和改进点
• 运用统计学方法进行数据分析,区分偶然波动和异常因素,确定关键影响变量
产出:现状分析报告(含数据收集表、流程图/价值流图、问题诊断、改进机会分析) | 质量标准:数据充分、分析深入、问题定位准确、改进机会清晰
步骤 2
SLP布置设计
本步骤进行工业工程系统的方案设计,将改进目标转化为具体的实施方案。工业工程设计强调系统化和整体优化,需在生产效率、产品质量、运营成本和人员安全之间寻求平衡。采用IE方法和工具设计最优解决方案。

• 运用SLP(系统布置设计)方法或流程程序分析进行设施布局和工艺流程设计
• 应用人因工程学原理进行工作站设计,考虑人体测量数据、作业姿势和认知负荷
• 设计质量管理体系或生产控制系统,明确运行流程、职责分工和评价指标
产出:设计方案(含布局图、流程图、作业标准、人员配置、指标体系) | 质量标准:方案系统、方法科学、参数合理、可操作性强
步骤 3
布局优化
本步骤对工业系统进行优化改进,在满足约束条件下寻求系统性能的最优解。工业工程优化涉及多目标决策,需在效率、质量、成本、交付等多个目标间寻求平衡。采用精益生产、六西格玛、运筹学等方法持续改进系统性能。

• 确定优化目标和约束条件,建立优化模型,选择合适的优化算法(遗传算法、粒子群、模拟退火等)
• 运用精益生产工具(5S、SMED、看板、TPM等)消除浪费,提高生产效率和质量
• 进行多方案比较和敏感性分析,评估优化效果和风险,选择技术经济最优方案
产出:优化方案(含优化模型、改进措施、效果预测、成本效益分析、实施路线图) | 质量标准:目标明确、方法得当、效果显著、可实施性强
步骤 4
物料搬运系统设计
本步骤进行工业工程系统的方案设计,将改进目标转化为具体的实施方案。工业工程设计强调系统化和整体优化,需在生产效率、产品质量、运营成本和人员安全之间寻求平衡。采用IE方法和工具设计最优解决方案。

• 运用SLP(系统布置设计)方法或流程程序分析进行设施布局和工艺流程设计
• 应用人因工程学原理进行工作站设计,考虑人体测量数据、作业姿势和认知负荷
• 设计质量管理体系或生产控制系统,明确运行流程、职责分工和评价指标
产出:设计方案(含布局图、流程图、作业标准、人员配置、指标体系) | 质量标准:方案系统、方法科学、参数合理、可操作性强
步骤 5
CAD绘图与报告
本步骤是工业工程项目的重要环节,运用IE理论和方法系统优化生产与服务系统。工业工程以提高效率、降低成本、保证质量为目标,强调系统观念和持续改进。采用定量化分析方法和专业工具确保改进效果。

• 运用工业工程基础方法(方法研究、作业测定、流程分析)诊断和改进系统
• 使用专业工具(Arena/Flexsim/Minitab/Lingo等)进行建模、仿真和数据分析
• 从技术、经济、人因多角度评价方案,确保系统整体最优
产出:工业工程报告(含现状分析、改进方案、效果预测、实施建议) | 质量标准:方法科学、数据充分、方案可行、效果显著

Steps

Step 1
Logistics Analysis
This step performs systematic analysis of industrial engineering problems, identifying the nature of problems and improvement opportunities. Industrial engineering focuses on system optimization, evaluating system status from efficiency, quality, cost dimensions through data analysis and process modeling. Diagnose root causes using value stream mapping, process analysis, statistical data and other methods.

• Conduct site investigation and data collection, obtain operation time data using stopwatch method, work sampling or video analysis
• Draw value stream map (VSM) or process flow chart, identify bottleneck processes, waste links and improvement points
• Apply statistical methods for data analysis, distinguish random fluctuations from abnormal factors, determine key influencing variables
Deliverable: Current state analysis report (including data collection table, process flow/VSM, problem diagnosis, improvement opportunity analysis) | Quality standard: Sufficient data, in-depth analysis, accurate problem定位, clear improvement opportunities
Step 2
SLP Layout Design
This step performs scheme design of industrial engineering systems, translating improvement goals into specific implementation plans. Industrial engineering design emphasizes systematization and overall optimization, requiring balance among production efficiency, product quality, operating cost and personnel safety. Design optimal solutions using IE methods and tools.

• Apply SLP (Systematic Layout Planning) method or process procedure analysis for facility layout and process flow design
• Apply ergonomics principles for workstation design, considering anthropometric data, working posture and cognitive load
• Design quality management system or production control system, clarify operational processes, responsibility division and evaluation indicators
Deliverable: Design scheme (including layout diagram, process flow chart, work standards, staffing, indicator system) | Quality standard: Systematic scheme, scientific method, reasonable parameters, strong operability
Step 3
Layout Optimization
This step performs optimization and improvement of industrial systems, seeking optimal solutions for system performance under constraint conditions. Industrial engineering optimization involves multi-objective decision-making, requiring balance among efficiency, quality, cost, delivery and other objectives. Continuously improve system performance using lean production, six sigma, operations research and other methods.

• Determine optimization objectives and constraints, establish optimization model, select appropriate optimization algorithms (genetic algorithm, particle swarm, simulated annealing, etc.)
• Apply lean production tools (5S, SMED, Kanban, TPM, etc.) to eliminate waste, improve production efficiency and quality
• Conduct multi-scheme comparison and sensitivity analysis, evaluate optimization effects and risks, select the optimal techno-economic scheme
Deliverable: Optimization scheme (including optimization model, improvement measures, effect prediction, cost-benefit analysis, implementation roadmap) | Quality standard: Clear objectives, appropriate methods, significant effects, strong implementability
Step 4
Material Handling System Design
This step performs scheme design of industrial engineering systems, translating improvement goals into specific implementation plans. Industrial engineering design emphasizes systematization and overall optimization, requiring balance among production efficiency, product quality, operating cost and personnel safety. Design optimal solutions using IE methods and tools.

• Apply SLP (Systematic Layout Planning) method or process procedure analysis for facility layout and process flow design
• Apply ergonomics principles for workstation design, considering anthropometric data, working posture and cognitive load
• Design quality management system or production control system, clarify operational processes, responsibility division and evaluation indicators
Deliverable: Design scheme (including layout diagram, process flow chart, work standards, staffing, indicator system) | Quality standard: Systematic scheme, scientific method, reasonable parameters, strong operability
Step 5
CAD Drawing and Report
This step is an important element in industrial engineering projects, using IE theory and methods to systematically optimize production and service systems. Industrial engineering aims to improve efficiency, reduce costs and ensure quality, emphasizing system concept and continuous improvement. Adopt quantitative analysis methods and professional tools to ensure improvement effects.

• Apply industrial engineering basic methods (method study, work measurement, process analysis) to diagnose and improve systems
• Use professional tools (Arena/Flexsim/Minitab/Lingo, etc.) for modeling, simulation and data analysis
• Evaluate schemes from technical, economic, ergonomic perspectives, ensuring overall system optimization
Deliverable: Industrial engineering report (including current state analysis, improvement scheme, effect prediction, implementation suggestions) | Quality standard: Scientific method, sufficient data, feasible scheme, significant effects
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