Physical Chemistry
物理化学运用物理学原理和数学方法研究化学体系的基本规律。课程分为化学热力学和化学动力学两大部分。热力学部分包括热力学三大定律、多组分系统热力学、相平衡、化学平衡和电化学；动力学部分涵盖化学动力学基础、复合反应动力学、催化反应动力学、表面化学和胶体化学等。此外还包括统计热力学初步和量子化学基础。
Physical Chemistry applies physics principles and mathematical methods to study fundamental laws of chemical systems. The course is divided into chemical thermodynamics and chemical kinetics. Thermodynamics includes three laws, multicomponent systems, phase equilibrium, chemical equilibrium, and electrochemistry. Kinetics covers fundamentals, complex reactions, catalysis, surface chemistry, and colloid chemistry, plus statistical thermodynamics and quantum chemistry basics.
学生用电导法测定乙酸乙酯皂化反应的速率常数和活化能。在不同温度下测量反应体系电导率随时间的变化，通过二级反应动力学方程计算速率常数。利用Arrhenius公式计算反应活化能和指前因子。设计实验探讨反应物初始浓度、催化剂、溶剂等因素对反应速率的影响。结合过渡态理论分析反应机理，撰写研究报告。
Students determine rate constant and activation energy of ethyl acetate saponification using conductometry. Measure conductivity changes over time at different temperatures, calculate rate constants using second-order kinetics. Use the Arrhenius equation to find activation energy and pre-exponential factor. Investigate effects of initial concentration, catalysts, and solvents on reaction rate. Analyze mechanism using transition state theory and write a research report.