Modern Physics
本课程介绍19世纪末以来物理学的重大发展，包括狭义相对论、早期量子论、玻尔原子模型、波粒二象性、薛定谔方程初步、原子结构、原子核物理和粒子物理简介。课程从经典物理学的困难出发，展示物理学如何突破经典框架，建立现代物理的基础概念。为系统学习量子力学和原子物理等后续课程做准备。
This course introduces major developments in physics since the late 19th century, including special relativity, early quantum theory, Bohr's atomic model, wave-particle duality, introduction to the Schrödinger equation, atomic structure, nuclear physics, and an overview of particle physics. Starting from the difficulties of classical physics, the course shows how physics broke through the classical framework and established the basic concepts of modern physics. It prepares students for systematic study of subsequent courses such as quantum mechanics and atomic physics.
编写程序模拟光子与物质的相互作用过程，包括光电效应和康普顿散射两种主要机制。要求根据光子能量和物质原子序数，计算不同相互作用的截面，模拟光子在介质中的能量沉积过程。学生需绘制光子穿透深度分布、散射角分布等结果，分析不同能量光子的行为差异，并与理论公式进行对比验证。
Write a program to simulate photon-matter interaction processes, including the two main mechanisms: photoelectric effect and Compton scattering. Required to calculate cross-sections for different interactions based on photon energy and atomic number of the material, simulating the energy deposition process of photons in the medium. Students plot results such as photon penetration depth distribution and scattering angle distribution, analyze behavioral differences of photons with different energies, and verify by comparison with theoretical formulas.