IGCSE Practice

Q1 【MAT-N-1x】 · IGCSE Math (0580) Extended · Number · Easy

A shop gives a 15% discount on a jacket originally priced at $80. What is the sale price?

A) $12
B) $68
C) $65
D) $72

Answer: B) $68. Discount = 15% × $80 = $12. Sale price = $80 − $12 = $68.

Q4 【MAT-AG-2x】 · IGCSE Math · Algebra · Easy

Factorise: x² + 5x + 6.

A) (x + 1)(x + 6)
B) (x + 2)(x + 3)
C) (x − 2)(x − 3)
D) (x + 1)(x + 5)

Answer: B) (x + 2)(x + 3). We need two numbers that multiply to 6 and add to 5: 2 and 3.

Q5 【MAT-Geo-4x】 · IGCSE Math · Geometry · Medium

A circle has radius 7 cm. What is its area? (π = 22/7)

A) 154 cm²
B) 44 cm²
C) 22 cm²
D) 308 cm²

Answer: A) 154 cm². A = πr² = (22/7) × 49 = 22 × 7 = 154 cm².

Q6 【MAT-Stat-8x】 · IGCSE Math · Statistics · Medium

The mean of 5 numbers is 12. If a 6th number is added and the mean becomes 13, what is the 6th number?

A) 13
B) 15
C) 18
D) 78

Answer: C) 18. Sum of 5 = 60. Sum of 6 = 78. 6th number = 78 − 60 = 18.

Q11 【MAT-N-1x】 · IGCSE Math · Number · Easy

Express 0.45 as a fraction in lowest terms.

A) 45/100
B) 9/20
C) 4/5
D) 9/100

Answer: B) 9/20. 0.45 = 45/100 = 9/20.

Q12 【MAT-AG-2x】 · IGCSE Math · Algebra · Medium

Solve: 3(x − 2) = 15.

A) x = 3
B) x = 5
C) x = 7
D) x = 9

Answer: C) x = 7. 3x − 6 = 15, 3x = 21, x = 7.

Q13 【MAT-Geo-4x】 · IGCSE Math · Geometry · Medium

A triangle has angles 50° and 60°. What is the third angle?

A) 60°
B) 70°
C) 80°
D) 90°

Answer: B) 70°. Sum = 180°, 180 − 50 − 60 = 70°.

Q14 【MAT-Stat-8x】 · IGCSE Math · Statistics · Easy

What is the median of: 3, 7, 9, 1, 5?

A) 3
B) 5
C) 7
D) 9

Answer: B) 5. Sorted: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9. Middle = 5.

Q21 【MAT-N-1x】 · IGCSE Math · Percentages · Easy

A shirt price increases from $40 to $50. What is the percentage increase?

A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 25%
D) 50%

Answer: C) 25%. Increase = 50 − 40 = 10. % increase = 10/40 × 100 = 25%.

Q22 【MAT-N-1x】 · IGCSE Math · Ratio · Easy

Divide $120 in the ratio 2 : 3.

A) $40 and $80
B) $48 and $72
C) $50 and $70
D) $60 and $60

Answer: B) $48 and $72. Total parts = 5. 2/5 × 120 = 48, 3/5 × 120 = 72.

Q23 【MAT-N-1x】 · IGCSE Math · Standard Form · Medium

Write 0.00034 in standard form.

A) 3.4 × 10⁻⁴
B) 3.4 × 10⁴
C) 34 × 10⁻⁵
D) 0.34 × 10⁻³

Answer: A) 3.4 × 10⁻⁴. Move the decimal 4 places right to get a number between 1 and 10, with a negative exponent.

Q24 【MAT-AG-2x】 · IGCSE Math · Inequalities · Medium

Solve: 2x − 5 < 7.

A) x < 1
B) x < 6
C) x < 12
D) x > 6

Answer: B) x < 6. 2x < 12, so x < 6.

Q25 【MAT-Geo-4x】 · IGCSE Math · Pythagoras · Easy

A right triangle has legs 6 cm and 8 cm. What is the hypotenuse?

A) 10 cm
B) 12 cm
C) 14 cm
D) 100 cm

Answer: A) 10 cm. c = √(6² + 8²) = √(36 + 64) = √100 = 10.

Q26 【MAT-Trig-6x】 · IGCSE Math · Trigonometry · Medium

In a right triangle, the side opposite to angle θ is 5 and the hypotenuse is 13. What is sin(θ)?

A) 5/12
B) 12/13
C) 5/13
D) 13/5

Answer: C) 5/13. sin(θ) = opposite / hypotenuse = 5/13 (SOH).

Q27 【MAT-Trig-6x】 · IGCSE Math · Sine Rule · Hard

In a triangle, a = 8 cm, A = 30°, B = 45°. Find b. (Use sin 30° = 0.5, sin 45° ≈ 0.707)

A) 4 cm
B) 5.66 cm
C) 8 cm
D) 11.31 cm

Answer: D) 11.31 cm. a/sin A = b/sin B → 8/0.5 = b/0.707 → b = 16 × 0.707 ≈ 11.31 cm.

Q28 【MAT-Stat-8x】 · IGCSE Math · Histograms · Medium

A histogram bar has frequency density 5 on a class interval of width 4. What is the frequency?

A) 1.25
B) 5
C) 9
D) 20

Answer: D) 20. Frequency = frequency density × class width = 5 × 4 = 20.

Q29 【MAT-Prob-7x】 · IGCSE Math · Probability Trees · Medium

A bag has 3 red and 2 blue balls. Two are drawn without replacement. What is P(both red)?

A) 3/10
B) 6/25
C) 9/25
D) 1/2

Answer: A) 3/10. P(RR) = 3/5 × 2/4 = 6/20 = 3/10.

Q30 【MAT-N-1x】 · IGCSE Math · Compound Interest · Medium

$1000 is invested at 10% per year compounded annually for 2 years. What is the total amount?

A) $1200
B) $1210
C) $1100
D) $2100

Answer: B) $1210. A = 1000 × 1.1² = 1000 × 1.21 = $1210.

Q31 【MAT-Ext-9x】 · IGCSE Math · Surds · Hard

Simplify √72.

A) 6√2
B) 8√3
C) 12√2
D) 36√2

Answer: A) 6√2. √72 = √(36 × 2) = 6√2.

Q32 【MAT-Ext-9x】 · IGCSE Math · Transformations · Hard

A triangle with vertices (1,1), (3,1), (2,4) is reflected in the x-axis. What are the new vertices?

A) (1,−1), (3,−1), (2,−4)
B) (−1,1), (−3,1), (−2,4)
C) (1,1), (3,1), (4,2)
D) (−1,−1), (−3,−1), (−2,−4)

Answer: A) (1,−1), (3,−1), (2,−4). Reflection in the x-axis changes the sign of y-coordinates; x stays the same.

Q2 【PHY-GP-1x】 · IGCSE Physics (0625) · Mechanics · Medium

A car travels 120 km in 2 hours. What is its average speed in m/s?

A) 60 m/s
B) 16.7 m/s
C) 30 m/s
D) 120 m/s

Answer: B) 16.7 m/s. 120 km = 120,000 m. 2 hours = 7,200 s. Speed = 120,000 / 7,200 ≈ 16.7 m/s.

Q7 【PHY-EM-3x】 · IGCSE Physics · Electricity · Easy

What is the current in a circuit with a 12 V battery and a 4 Ω resistor?

A) 48 A
B) 3 A
C) 8 A
D) 0.33 A

Answer: B) 3 A. I = V / R = 12 / 4 = 3 A.

Q8 【PHY-Wv-2x】 · IGCSE Physics · Waves · Medium

Sound travels at 330 m/s in air. If a sound has wavelength 1.5 m, what is its frequency?

A) 165 Hz
B) 220 Hz
C) 331.5 Hz
D) 495 Hz

Answer: B) 220 Hz. f = v / λ = 330 / 1.5 = 220 Hz.

Q15 【PHY-GP-1x】 · IGCSE Physics · Mechanics · Easy

What unit is used to measure force?

A) Joule
B) Watt
C) Newton
D) Pascal

Answer: C) Newton. Force is measured in Newtons (N).

Q16 【PHY-GP-1x】 · IGCSE Physics · Energy · Medium

How much energy is needed to heat 2 kg of water by 10°C? (c = 4200 J/kg°C)

A) 42000 J
B) 84000 J
C) 4200 J
D) 8400 J

Answer: B) 84000 J. E = mcΔT = 2 × 4200 × 10 = 84000 J.

Q17 【PHY-EM-3x】 · IGCSE Physics · Electricity · Medium

Calculate the power of a device using 10 A at 12 V.

A) 1.2 W
B) 12 W
C) 120 W
D) 1200 W

Answer: C) 120 W. P = VI = 12 × 10 = 120 W.

Q33 【PHY-GP-1x】 · IGCSE Physics · Density · Easy

What is the density of an object with mass 60 g and volume 20 cm³?

A) 2 g/cm³
B) 3 g/cm³
C) 40 g/cm³
D) 1200 g/cm³

Answer: B) 3 g/cm³. Density = mass / volume = 60 / 20 = 3 g/cm³.

Q34 【PHY-GP-1x】 · IGCSE Physics · Pressure · Medium

A force of 200 N is applied evenly to an area of 0.5 m². What is the pressure?

A) 100 Pa
B) 200 Pa
C) 400 Pa
D) 1000 Pa

Answer: C) 400 Pa. Pressure = Force / Area = 200 / 0.5 = 400 Pa.

Q35 【PHY-GP-1x】 · IGCSE Physics · Moments · Medium

A 5 N force acts at 0.4 m from a pivot, perpendicular to the lever. What is the moment?

A) 1 Nm
B) 2 Nm
C) 5.4 Nm
D) 20 Nm

Answer: B) 2 Nm. Moment = Force × perpendicular distance = 5 × 0.4 = 2 Nm.

Q36 【PHY-GP-1x】 · IGCSE Physics · Hooke's Law · Medium

A spring extends 4 cm when a 2 N force is applied. What is the spring constant?

A) 0.5 N/m
B) 8 N/m
C) 50 N/m
D) 200 N/m

Answer: C) 50 N/m. F = kx → k = F / x = 2 / 0.04 = 50 N/m (converting 4 cm to 0.04 m).

Q37 【PHY-TNS-4x】 · IGCSE Physics · Specific Heat Capacity · Hard

0.5 kg of metal (c = 900 J/kg°C) is heated from 20°C to 80°C. How much energy is required?

A) 13500 J
B) 27000 J
C) 45000 J
D) 54000 J

Answer: B) 27000 J. E = mcΔT = 0.5 × 900 × (80 − 20) = 0.5 × 900 × 60 = 27000 J.

Q38 【PHY-EM-3x】 · IGCSE Physics · Circuits · Medium

Two 6 Ω resistors are connected in parallel. What is the total resistance?

A) 3 Ω
B) 6 Ω
C) 12 Ω
D) 36 Ω

Answer: A) 3 Ω. 1/R = 1/6 + 1/6 = 2/6 = 1/3, so R = 3 Ω.

Q39 【PHY-EM-3x】 · IGCSE Physics · Transformers · Hard

A transformer has 100 primary turns and 400 secondary turns. If the primary voltage is 12 V, what is the secondary voltage (assume ideal)?

A) 3 V
B) 12 V
C) 48 V
D) 400 V

Answer: C) 48 V. Vp / Vs = Np / Ns → 12 / Vs = 100 / 400 → Vs = 12 × 4 = 48 V (step-up transformer).

Q40 【PHY-TNS-4x】 · IGCSE Physics · Radioactivity · Hard

A radioactive isotope has a half-life of 8 days. After 24 days, what fraction of the original sample remains?

A) 1/2
B) 1/4
C) 1/8
D) 1/16

Answer: C) 1/8. 24 / 8 = 3 half-lives, so (1/2)³ = 1/8 remains.

Q41 【PHY-Wv-2x】 · IGCSE Physics · Light · Easy

When light bounces off a plane mirror, the angle of reflection equals the angle of:

A) Incidence
B) Refraction
C) Diffraction
D) Dispersion

Answer: A) Incidence. Law of reflection: the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection (both measured from the normal).

Q42 【PHY-GP-1x】 · IGCSE Physics · Energy Conservation · Medium

A 2 kg ball is dropped from 10 m. What is its kinetic energy just before hitting the ground? (g = 10 m/s², ignore air resistance)

A) 20 J
B) 100 J
C) 200 J
D) 2000 J

Answer: C) 200 J. PE at top = mgh = 2 × 10 × 10 = 200 J. By conservation of energy, KE just before impact = 200 J.

Q3 【CHEM-Org-3a】 · IGCSE Chemistry (0620) · Atomic Structure · Easy

What is the number of neutrons in an atom of ²³Na (sodium-23)?

A) 11
B) 12
C) 23
D) 34

Answer: B) 12. Mass number = 23, Atomic number = 11. Neutrons = 23 − 11 = 12.

Q9 【CHEM-Org-3a】 · IGCSE Chemistry · Bonding · Easy

Which type of bond is formed when sodium (Na) transfers an electron to chlorine (Cl)?

A) Covalent
B) Ionic
C) Metallic
D) Hydrogen

Answer: B) Ionic. Sodium loses an electron to become Na⁺, chlorine gains it to become Cl⁻, forming an ionic bond.

Q10 【BIO-CBM-1x】 · IGCSE Biology · Cells · Easy

Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells?

A) Mitochondria
B) Nucleus
C) Chloroplast
D) Ribosome

Answer: C) Chloroplast. Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll which captures light energy for photosynthesis.

Q18 【CHEM-Org-3a】 · IGCSE Chemistry · Formulae · Easy

What is the chemical formula for water?

A) H₂O
B) CO₂
C) HO₂
D) H₂O₂

Answer: A) H₂O.

Q19 【CHEM-Org-3a】 · IGCSE Chemistry · Equations · Medium

Balance: __H₂ + __O₂ → __H₂O.

A) 1, 1, 1
B) 2, 1, 2
C) 2, 2, 2
D) 1, 2, 1

Answer: B) 2, 1, 2. 2H₂ + O₂ → 2H₂O.

Q20 【BIO-Hum-3x】 · IGCSE Biology · Blood · Easy

Which blood cells are responsible for fighting infection?

A) Red blood cells
B) White blood cells
C) Platelets
D) Plasma

Answer: B) White blood cells.

Q43 【CHEM-An-4a】 · IGCSE Chemistry · Periodic Table · Medium

Across a period (left to right) of the periodic table, atomic radius generally:

A) Increases
B) Decreases
C) Stays the same
D) Doubles

Answer: B) Decreases. Increasing nuclear charge pulls the electron cloud closer to the nucleus across a period.

Q44 【CHEM-Org-3a】 · IGCSE Chemistry · Electrolysis · Hard

In the electrolysis of molten lead(II) bromide (PbBr₂), what forms at the cathode?

A) Lead
B) Bromine
C) Hydrogen
D) Oxygen

Answer: A) Lead. Positive Pb²⁺ ions move to the cathode (negative electrode) and gain electrons to form molten lead.

Q45 【CHEM-Org-3a】 · IGCSE Chemistry · Rates of Reaction · Medium

Which change increases the rate of a reaction by increasing collision frequency?

A) Lowering temperature
B) Decreasing concentration
C) Increasing temperature
D) Using larger lumps of solid

Answer: C) Increasing temperature. Higher temperature gives particles more kinetic energy, increasing both collision frequency and the fraction of collisions with sufficient energy.

Q46 【CHEM-An-4a】 · IGCSE Chemistry · Reactivity · Easy

Which of these metals is the most reactive?

A) Gold
B) Copper
C) Iron
D) Potassium

Answer: D) Potassium. Potassium is near the top of the reactivity series; gold, copper, and iron are all less reactive.

Q47 【BIO-CBM-1x】 · IGCSE Biology · Enzymes · Medium

Enzymes are biological catalysts that work best at their:

A) Boiling point
B) Optimum temperature
C) Maximum possible temperature
D) Freezing point

Answer: B) Optimum temperature. Each enzyme has an optimum temperature at which its activity is highest; above this it denatures.

Q48 【BIO-Hum-3x】 · IGCSE Biology · Respiration · Easy

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

A) glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water
B) carbon dioxide + water → glucose + oxygen
C) glucose → lactic acid
D) oxygen + water → glucose

Answer: A) glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water. Energy is released in the process.

Q49 【BIO-RIE-4x】 · IGCSE Biology · DNA · Medium

DNA has a structure described as a:

A) Single helix
B) Triple helix
C) Double helix
D) Square lattice

Answer: C) Double helix. DNA consists of two strands twisted into a double helix, with complementary base pairing.

Q50 【BIO-RIE-4x】 · IGCSE Biology · Ecology · Easy

In the food chain "grass → rabbit → fox", the rabbit is the:

A) Producer
B) Primary consumer
C) Secondary consumer
D) Decomposer

Answer: B) Primary consumer. Rabbits eat producers (grass), making them primary consumers; the fox is the secondary consumer.

Q51 【MAT-N-1x】 · IGCSE Math · Fractions · Easy

Calculate 2/3 + 1/4.

A) 8/12
B) 11/12
C) 3/7
D) 11/24

Answer: B) 11/12. LCD = 12. 2/3 = 8/12, 1/4 = 3/12. Sum = 11/12.

Q52 【MAT-N-1x】 · IGCSE Math · Decimals · Easy

Convert 7/8 to a decimal.

A) 0.785
B) 0.875
C) 0.825
D) 0.778

Answer: B) 0.875. 7 ÷ 8 = 0.875.

Q53 【MAT-N-1x】 · IGCSE Math · Percentages · Medium

A jacket costs $56 after a 20% discount. What was the original price?

A) $67.20
B) $70
C) $76
D) $80

Answer: B) $70. After a 20% discount, $56 = 80% of original, so original = 56 / 0.80 = $70.

Q54 【MAT-N-1x】 · IGCSE Math · Ratio · Medium

Divide $480 in the ratio 2 : 3 : 5.

A) $48, $144, $288
B) $96, $144, $240
C) $80, $120, $280
D) $120, $180, $180

Answer: B) $96, $144, $240. Total parts = 10. 2/10 × 480 = 96; 3/10 × 480 = 144; 5/10 × 480 = 240.

Q55 【MAT-N-1x】 · IGCSE Math · Proportion · Medium

4 workers build a wall in 12 days. How long would 6 workers take (same rate)?

A) 6 days
B) 8 days
C) 18 days
D) 24 days

Answer: B) 8 days. Worker-days = 4 × 12 = 48. Time = 48 / 6 = 8 days (inverse proportion).

Q56 【MAT-Ext-9x】 · IGCSE Math · Standard Form · Hard

Calculate (3 × 10⁵) × (2 × 10⁻²), giving your answer in standard form.

A) 6 × 10³
B) 6 × 10⁷
C) 5 × 10³
D) 6 × 10¹⁰

Answer: A) 6 × 10³. Multiply coefficients: 3 × 2 = 6. Add exponents: 5 + (−2) = 3. Result = 6 × 10³.

Q57 【MAT-Ext-9x】 · IGCSE Math · Surds · Hard

Expand and simplify (2 + √3)(2 − √3).

A) 1
B) 4
C) 7
D) 4 − 3

Answer: A) 1. (2 + √3)(2 − √3) = 4 − 3 = 1 (difference of squares).

Q58 【MAT-AG-2x】 · IGCSE Math · Simultaneous Equations · Medium

Solve: x + y = 7, x − y = 1.

A) x = 3, y = 4
B) x = 4, y = 3
C) x = 5, y = 2
D) x = 4, y = 5

Answer: B) x = 4, y = 3. Adding: 2x = 8 → x = 4. Then y = 7 − 4 = 3.

Q59 【MAT-AG-2x】 · IGCSE Math · Factorising · Medium

Factorise: x² − 9.

A) (x − 3)(x + 3)
B) (x − 9)(x + 1)
C) (x − 3)²
D) (x + 3)²

Answer: A) (x − 3)(x + 3). Difference of squares: x² − 9 = x² − 3² = (x − 3)(x + 3).

Q60 【MAT-AG-2x】 · IGCSE Math · Sequences · Medium

Find the nth term of the sequence 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, ...

A) 3n + 1
B) n²
C) (n + 1)²
D) n² + 3

Answer: C) (n + 1)². The sequence is 2², 3², 4², 5², 6², so the nth term is (n + 1)².

Q61 【MAT-AG-2x】 · IGCSE Math · Inequalities · Hard

Solve: −2x + 1 ≤ 7.

A) x ≤ −3
B) x ≥ −3
C) x ≤ 3
D) x ≥ 3

Answer: B) x ≥ −3. −2x ≤ 6. Dividing by −2 reverses the inequality: x ≥ −3.

Q62 【MAT-AG-2x】 · IGCSE Math · Indices · Easy

Simplify: x³ × x⁴.

A) x⁷
B) x¹²
C) x
D) 2x⁷

Answer: A) x⁷. Add exponents when multiplying like bases: 3 + 4 = 7.

Q63 【MAT-AG-2x】 · IGCSE Math · Formulae · Medium

If v = u + at and v = 20, u = 5, a = 3, find t.

A) 3
B) 5
C) 7
D) 15

Answer: B) 5. 20 = 5 + 3t → 3t = 15 → t = 5.

Q64 【MAT-Geo-4x】 · IGCSE Math · Angles · Medium

Two parallel lines are cut by a transversal. If one corresponding angle is 65°, what is the other corresponding angle?

A) 65°
B) 115°
C) 25°
D) 180°

Answer: A) 65°. Corresponding angles on parallel lines are equal.

Q65 【MAT-Geo-4x】 · IGCSE Math · Polygons · Medium

What is the interior angle of a regular hexagon?

A) 108°
B) 120°
C) 135°
D) 144°

Answer: B) 120°. Sum = (6 − 2) × 180 = 720°. Each interior angle = 720 / 6 = 120°.

Q66 【MAT-Mens-5x】 · IGCSE Math · Circles · Medium

A sector of a circle has radius 6 cm and central angle 60°. What is the arc length? (π = 3.14)

A) 3.14 cm
B) 6.28 cm
C) 9.42 cm
D) 18.84 cm

Answer: B) 6.28 cm. Arc = (60/360) × 2π × 6 = (1/6) × 12π = 2π ≈ 6.28 cm.

Q67 【MAT-Geo-4x】 · IGCSE Math · Constructions · Easy

To construct the perpendicular bisector of a line segment AB, you draw arcs from:

A) Only point A
B) Only point B
C) Both A and B with equal radii (greater than half of AB)
D) The midpoint of AB only

Answer: C) Both A and B with equal radii (greater than half of AB). The two arcs intersect above and below the line, giving the perpendicular bisector.

Q68 【MAT-Geo-4x】 · IGCSE Math · Loci · Medium

A point P moves so that it is always 5 cm from a fixed point O. The locus of P is a:

A) Line
B) Circle of radius 5 cm
C) Square
D) Pair of parallel lines

Answer: B) Circle of radius 5 cm. The locus of points a fixed distance from a point is a circle.

Q69 【MAT-Ext-9x】 · IGCSE Math · Transformations · Hard

A point (3, 4) is rotated 90° anticlockwise about the origin. What are its new coordinates?

A) (−4, 3)
B) (4, −3)
C) (−3, −4)
D) (−3, 4)

Answer: A) (−4, 3). A 90° anticlockwise rotation maps (x, y) to (−y, x), so (3, 4) → (−4, 3).

Q70 【MAT-Geo-4x】 · IGCSE Math · Symmetry · Easy

How many lines of symmetry does a regular pentagon have?

A) 4
B) 5
C) 6
D) 10

Answer: B) 5. A regular pentagon has 5 lines of symmetry, one through each vertex and the midpoint of the opposite side.

Q71 【MAT-Mens-5x】 · IGCSE Math · Pythagoras 3D · Medium

A cuboid has dimensions 3 cm × 4 cm × 12 cm. What is the length of its space diagonal?

A) 13 cm
B) 15 cm
C) 17 cm
D) 19 cm

Answer: A) 13 cm. Diagonal = √(3² + 4² + 12²) = √(9 + 16 + 144) = √169 = 13 cm.

Q72 【MAT-Trig-6x】 · IGCSE Math · SOHCAHTOA · Medium

In a right triangle, the side adjacent to angle θ is 8 and tan(θ) = 0.75. What is the opposite side?

A) 6
B) 8
C) 10
D) 12

Answer: A) 6. tan(θ) = opposite/adjacent → 0.75 = opp/8 → opp = 8 × 0.75 = 6.

Q73 【MAT-Trig-6x】 · IGCSE Math · Cosine Rule · Hard

In a triangle, a = 5, b = 7, C = 60°. Find c (use cos 60° = 0.5).

A) √39
B) √49
C) √109
D) √129

Answer: A) √39. c² = a² + b² − 2ab·cos C = 25 + 49 − 2(5)(7)(0.5) = 74 − 35 = 39. So c = √39.

Q74 【MAT-Trig-6x】 · IGCSE Math · Bearings · Medium

Town B is on a bearing of 045° from town A. What is the bearing of town A from town B?

A) 135°
B) 180°
C) 225°
D) 315°

Answer: C) 225°. Reverse bearing = 045° + 180° = 225°.

Q75 【MAT-Prob-7x】 · IGCSE Math · Venn Diagrams · Medium

In a class of 30 students, 18 play football and 12 play basketball. 5 play both. How many play neither?

A) 5
B) 7
C) 12
D) 25

Answer: A) 5. Total playing at least one sport = 18 + 12 − 5 = 25. Neither = 30 − 25 = 5.

Q76 【PHY-GP-1x】 · IGCSE Physics · Force & Motion · Easy

A 2 kg object accelerates at 3 m/s². What net force acts on it?

A) 1.5 N
B) 5 N
C) 6 N
D) 9 N

Answer: C) 6 N. F = ma = 2 × 3 = 6 N (Newton's 2nd Law).

Q77 【PHY-GP-1x】 · IGCSE Physics · Acceleration · Medium

A car accelerates from rest to 30 m/s in 10 s. What is its acceleration?

A) 0.3 m/s²
B) 3 m/s²
C) 30 m/s²
D) 300 m/s²

Answer: B) 3 m/s². a = Δv / t = 30 / 10 = 3 m/s².

Q78 【PHY-GP-1x】 · IGCSE Physics · Kinetic Energy · Medium

What is the KE of a 4 kg object moving at 5 m/s?

A) 10 J
B) 20 J
C) 50 J
D) 100 J

Answer: C) 50 J. KE = ½mv² = ½ × 4 × 25 = 50 J.

Q79 【PHY-Wv-2x】 · IGCSE Physics · Wave Speed · Medium

A wave has frequency 50 Hz and wavelength 4 m. What is its speed?

A) 12.5 m/s
B) 54 m/s
C) 200 m/s
D) 800 m/s

Answer: C) 200 m/s. v = fλ = 50 × 4 = 200 m/s.

Q80 【PHY-EM-3x】 · IGCSE Physics · Resistance · Easy

A 6 V battery drives a current of 0.5 A. What is the resistance?

A) 3 Ω
B) 6.5 Ω
C) 12 Ω
D) 30 Ω

Answer: C) 12 Ω. R = V / I = 6 / 0.5 = 12 Ω.

Q81 【PHY-EM-3x】 · IGCSE Physics · Magnetism · Easy

Like poles of two magnets:

A) Attract each other
B) Repel each other
C) Have no effect on each other
D) Always point north

Answer: B) Repel each other. Like poles (N-N or S-S) repel; unlike poles attract.

Q82 【PHY-TNS-4x】 · IGCSE Physics · Thermal Transfer · Medium

Heat transfer through a metal rod occurs mainly by:

A) Convection
B) Radiation
C) Conduction
D) Evaporation

Answer: C) Conduction. Solids (especially metals) transfer heat by conduction through vibrating particles and free electrons.

Q83 【PHY-Wv-2x】 · IGCSE Physics · Sound · Medium

A person shouts and hears an echo 2 s later. If sound travels at 340 m/s, how far is the reflecting wall?

A) 170 m
B) 340 m
C) 510 m
D) 680 m

Answer: B) 340 m. The sound travels to the wall and back in 2 s, so one-way distance = (340 × 2) / 2 = 340 m.

Q84 【PHY-Wv-2x】 · IGCSE Physics · Light · Medium

Light travels at 3 × 10⁸ m/s in vacuum and 2 × 10⁸ m/s in glass. What is the refractive index of glass?

A) 0.67
B) 1.5
C) 2
D) 5

Answer: B) 1.5. n = c / v = (3 × 10⁸) / (2 × 10⁸) = 1.5.

Q85 【PHY-TNS-4x】 · IGCSE Physics · Radioactivity · Easy

Which type of radiation is the most penetrating?

A) Alpha
B) Beta
C) Gamma
D) They are all equally penetrating

Answer: C) Gamma. Gamma rays are the most penetrating (stopped only by thick lead/concrete); alpha is least (stopped by paper).

Q86 【PHY-TNS-4x】 · IGCSE Physics · Solar System · Easy

Which planet is closest to the Sun?

A) Venus
B) Earth
C) Mars
D) Mercury

Answer: D) Mercury. The order from the Sun is Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.

Q87 【PHY-GP-1x】 · IGCSE Physics · Density · Medium

An irregular stone has mass 120 g. It displaces 40 cm³ of water. What is its density?

A) 2 g/cm³
B) 3 g/cm³
C) 4 g/cm³
D) 80 g/cm³

Answer: B) 3 g/cm³. Density = mass / volume = 120 / 40 = 3 g/cm³.

Q88 【PHY-GP-1x】 · IGCSE Physics · Liquid Pressure · Hard

What is the pressure at a depth of 5 m in water? (ρ = 1000 kg/m³, g = 10 m/s²)

A) 500 Pa
B) 5000 Pa
C) 50000 Pa
D) 500000 Pa

Answer: C) 50000 Pa. P = ρgh = 1000 × 10 × 5 = 50000 Pa.

Q89 【PHY-GP-1x】 · IGCSE Physics · Moments · Hard

A uniform 2 m beam weighs 10 N and is pivoted at one end. A 30 N weight hangs at the other end. What upward force at 0.5 m from the pivot balances it?

A) 40 N
B) 70 N
C) 80 N
D) 140 N

Answer: D) 140 N. Beam weight acts at midpoint (1 m): moment = 10 × 1 = 10 Nm. Load: 30 × 2 = 60 Nm. Total clockwise = 70 Nm. F × 0.5 = 70 → F = 140 N.

Q90 【PHY-GP-1x】 · IGCSE Physics · Hooke's Law · Easy

Hooke's Law states that extension is:

A) Inversely proportional to force
B) Directly proportional to force (within elastic limit)
C) Independent of force
D) Proportional to force squared

Answer: B) Directly proportional to force (within elastic limit). F = kx, where k is the spring constant.

Q91 【PHY-GP-1x】 · IGCSE Physics · Power · Medium

A motor lifts a 50 N load 6 m in 3 s. What is its power output?

A) 25 W
B) 100 W
C) 150 W
D) 900 W

Answer: B) 100 W. Work = F × d = 50 × 6 = 300 J. Power = Work / time = 300 / 3 = 100 W.

Q92 【PHY-EM-3x】 · IGCSE Physics · Transformers · Easy

A step-up transformer has:

A) More primary turns than secondary
B) More secondary turns than primary
C) Equal primary and secondary turns
D) No secondary coil

Answer: B) More secondary turns than primary. Step-up transformers increase voltage by having Ns > Np.

Q93 【PHY-EM-3x】 · IGCSE Physics · Electromagnetism · Medium

Which change strengthens an electromagnet?

A) Reducing the number of coil turns
B) Decreasing the current
C) Adding an iron core
D) Using an AC supply

Answer: C) Adding an iron core. An iron core concentrates the magnetic field, strengthening the electromagnet.

Q94 【PHY-TNS-4x】 · IGCSE Physics · Specific Heat · Hard

0.2 kg of water at 20°C is mixed with 0.3 kg of water at 80°C. What is the final temperature? (c = 4200 J/kg°C, no heat loss)

A) 50°C
B) 56°C
C) 60°C
D) 64°C

Answer: B) 56°C. Heat lost = Heat gained: 0.3(80 − T) = 0.2(T − 20). 24 − 0.3T = 0.2T − 4 → 28 = 0.5T → T = 56°C.

Q95 【PHY-TNS-4x】 · IGCSE Physics · Specific Latent Heat · Hard

How much energy is needed to melt 0.5 kg of ice at 0°C? (L = 334000 J/kg)

A) 67000 J
B) 167000 J
C) 334000 J
D) 668000 J

Answer: B) 167000 J. E = mL = 0.5 × 334000 = 167000 J (no temperature change occurs at melting point).

Q96 【PHY-GP-1x】 · IGCSE Physics · Terminal Velocity · Medium

A skydiver reaches terminal velocity when:

A) Gravity stops acting on them
B) Air resistance equals their weight
C) They stop accelerating downward
D) Both B and C

Answer: D) Both B and C. At terminal velocity, air resistance equals weight, so net force is zero and acceleration is zero.

Q97 【PHY-GP-1x】 · IGCSE Physics · Vectors · Medium

A force of 3 N acts north and 4 N acts east on a point. What is the magnitude of the resultant force?

A) 1 N
B) 5 N
C) 7 N
D) 12 N

Answer: B) 5 N. Resultant of perpendicular forces = √(3² + 4²) = √25 = 5 N.

Q98 【PHY-GP-1x】 · IGCSE Physics · Work · Easy

A box is pushed 5 m with a horizontal force of 12 N. How much work is done?

A) 2.4 J
B) 17 J
C) 60 J
D) 60 W

Answer: C) 60 J. Work = Force × distance = 12 × 5 = 60 J.

Q99 【PHY-GP-1x】 · IGCSE Physics · Momentum · Medium

A 2 kg ball moving at 4 m/s hits a wall and rebounds at 3 m/s. What is the magnitude of the change in momentum?

A) 2 kg·m/s
B) 8 kg·m/s
C) 14 kg·m/s
D) 20 kg·m/s

Answer: C) 14 kg·m/s. Initial = 2 × 4 = 8 (taking direction as positive). Final = 2 × (−3) = −6. Change = −6 − 8 = −14, magnitude = 14 kg·m/s.

Q100 【PHY-TNS-4x】 · IGCSE Physics · Universe · Easy

The Sun is a:

A) Planet
B) Moon
C) Star
D) Comet

Answer: C) Star. The Sun is a star — a ball of hot gas that produces energy through nuclear fusion.

Q101 【CHEM-Org-3a】 · IGCSE Chemistry · States of Matter · Easy

In which state of matter do particles move freely but remain in contact (giving a fixed volume)?

A) Solid
B) Liquid
C) Gas
D) Plasma

Answer: B) Liquid. Liquid particles can move past one another (flow) but remain in contact, giving a fixed volume.

Q102 【CHEM-An-4a】 · IGCSE Chemistry · Atomic Structure · Medium

An atom has 17 protons, 18 neutrons, and 18 electrons. What is it?

A) A neutral chlorine atom
B) A chloride ion (Cl⁻)
C) A sodium ion
D) An argon atom

Answer: B) A chloride ion (Cl⁻). Atomic number 17 = chlorine. With 18 electrons (one more than protons), it has a −1 charge.

Q103 【CHEM-An-4a】 · IGCSE Chemistry · Periodic Table · Easy

Which group of elements is known as the noble gases?

A) Group 1
B) Group 2
C) Group 7
D) Group 0/8

Answer: D) Group 0/8. Noble gases (He, Ne, Ar, etc.) have full outer electron shells and are unreactive.

Q104 【CHEM-An-4a】 · IGCSE Chemistry · Covalent Bonding · Medium

How many electrons are shared in a double covalent bond (e.g., O=O)?

A) 2
B) 4
C) 6
D) 8

Answer: B) 4. A single bond shares 2 electrons; a double bond shares 4 electrons (two pairs).

Q105 【CHEM-An-4a】 · IGCSE Chemistry · Moles · Medium

How many moles are in 22 g of CO₂? (C = 12, O = 16)

A) 0.5 mol
B) 1 mol
C) 2 mol
D) 22 mol

Answer: A) 0.5 mol. Molar mass of CO₂ = 12 + 32 = 44 g/mol. Moles = mass / Mr = 22 / 44 = 0.5 mol.

Q106 【CHEM-PC-1x】 · IGCSE Chemistry · Electrolysis · Medium

During electrolysis of aqueous copper(II) sulfate with copper electrodes, what happens at the anode?

A) Copper is deposited
B) Oxygen is released
C) The copper anode dissolves
D) Hydrogen is released

Answer: C) The copper anode dissolves. With copper electrodes, copper atoms at the anode lose electrons and dissolve as Cu²⁺ ions.

Q107 【CHEM-PC-1x】 · IGCSE Chemistry · Acids & Bases · Easy

What is the pH of a neutral solution at 25°C?

A) 0
B) 7
C) 14
D) Depends on the solution

Answer: B) 7. A neutral solution has pH 7 at 25°C, with equal H⁺ and OH⁻ concentrations.

Q108 【CHEM-PC-1x】 · IGCSE Chemistry · Salts · Medium

Which acid + base combination produces copper(II) sulfate?

A) Cu + H₂SO₄
B) CuO + H₂SO₄
C) CuCO₃ + HCl
D) CuCl₂ + Na₂SO₄

Answer: B) CuO + H₂SO₄. A metal oxide (base) reacts with an acid to form a salt and water: CuO + H₂SO₄ → CuSO₄ + H₂O.

Q109 【CHEM-PC-1x】 · IGCSE Chemistry · Collision Theory · Hard

Why does adding a catalyst increase the rate of reaction?

A) It increases the temperature
B) It lowers the activation energy
C) It increases the concentration
D) It increases the surface area

Answer: B) It lowers the activation energy. Catalysts provide an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy, so more collisions result in reaction.

Q110 【CHEM-PC-1x】 · IGCSE Chemistry · Reversible Reactions · Medium

For N₂ + 3H₂ ⇌ 2NH₃ (exothermic forward), what shifts equilibrium to the right?

A) Increasing temperature
B) Decreasing pressure
C) Increasing pressure
D) Removing the catalyst

Answer: C) Increasing pressure. Higher pressure favors the side with fewer gas molecules (2 vs 4), shifting equilibrium to the right.

Q111 【CHEM-INorg-2x】 · IGCSE Chemistry · Industrial Chemistry · Medium

In the Haber process, what catalyst is used?

A) Platinum
B) Iron
C) Nickel
D) Vanadium(V) oxide

Answer: B) Iron. The Haber process uses an iron catalyst at ~450°C and 200 atm to convert N₂ and H₂ into NH₃.

Q112 【BIO-CBM-1x】 · IGCSE Biology · Cell Membrane · Medium

The cell membrane is primarily composed of:

A) Cellulose and proteins
B) Phospholipids and proteins
C) Chitin and cellulose
D) Nucleic acids and starch

Answer: B) Phospholipids and proteins. The membrane is a phospholipid bilayer with embedded and attached proteins.

Q113 【BIO-CBM-1x】 · IGCSE Biology · Osmosis · Medium

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules:

A) From low to high water potential through a partially permeable membrane
B) From high to low water potential through a partially permeable membrane
C) Active transport of water
D) Random diffusion of solutes

Answer: B) From high to low water potential through a partially permeable membrane. Water moves from dilute (higher water potential) to concentrated (lower water potential) solutions.

Q114 【BIO-Hum-3x】 · IGCSE Biology · Nutrition · Easy

Which nutrient is the body's main source of energy?

A) Vitamins
B) Minerals
C) Carbohydrates
D) Water

Answer: C) Carbohydrates. Carbohydrates (sugars and starches) are the body's primary energy source.

Q115 【BIO-Hum-3x】 · IGCSE Biology · Anaerobic Respiration · Medium

During anaerobic respiration in human muscle cells, glucose is converted to:

A) Ethanol and CO₂
B) Lactic acid
C) Water and CO₂
D) Acetic acid

Answer: B) Lactic acid. In animals, anaerobic respiration produces lactic acid (in plants/fungi, ethanol and CO₂).

Q116 【BIO-Plnt-2x】 · IGCSE Biology · Photosynthesis · Medium

Which factor limits photosynthesis in low light conditions?

A) Carbon dioxide concentration
B) Temperature
C) Light intensity
D) Chlorophyll

Answer: C) Light intensity. At low light, light is the limiting factor; increasing light increases the rate until another factor (CO₂ or temperature) becomes limiting.

Q117 【BIO-RIE-4x】 · IGCSE Biology · Punnett Squares · Medium

A heterozygous tall plant (Tt) is crossed with a short plant (tt). What is the expected ratio of tall to short offspring?

A) 4 : 0
B) 3 : 1
C) 1 : 1
D) 1 : 3

Answer: C) 1 : 1. Cross Tt × tt gives Tt, Tt, tt, tt → 2 tall : 2 short = 1:1 ratio.

Q118 【BIO-RIE-4x】 · IGCSE Biology · Evolution · Medium

According to Darwin's theory, evolution occurs through:

A) Inheritance of acquired characteristics
B) Natural selection of advantageous variations
C) Random mutations only
D) Use and disuse of organs

Answer: B) Natural selection of advantageous variations. Individuals with traits better suited to the environment survive and reproduce, passing on those traits.

Q119 【BIO-RIE-4x】 · IGCSE Biology · Food Webs · Medium

In a food web, the organisms most affected by bioaccumulation of toxins are:

A) Producers
B) Primary consumers
C) Top predators
D) Decomposers

Answer: C) Top predators. Toxins like DDT accumulate at each trophic level, reaching highest concentrations in top predators (biomagnification).

Q120 【BIO-Hum-3x】 · IGCSE Biology · Circulatory System · Easy

Which blood vessel carries blood away from the heart?

A) Vein
B) Artery
C) Capillary
D) Valve

Answer: B) Artery. Arteries carry blood away from the heart (usually oxygenated); veins return blood to the heart.

IGCSE Practice Questions v12-beta

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