Microbiology
本课程研究微生物的形态结构、生理代谢、遗传变异、生态分布及与人类的关系。内容包括细菌、真菌、病毒等各类微生物的生物学特性，微生物的营养与培养、生长繁殖规律、微生物遗传学及基因工程应用。课程还介绍微生物学实验技术如无菌操作、分离纯化、染色鉴定等。学生将掌握微生物学基本理论和实验技能，为病原生物学、免疫学等课程奠定基础。
This course studies microbial morphology, physiology, genetics, ecology, and relationships with humans. It covers biological characteristics of bacteria, fungi, and viruses, microbial nutrition and cultivation, growth patterns, microbial genetics, and genetic engineering applications.
从土壤或水样中分离具有抗生素抗性的细菌，通过形态学观察、革兰氏染色、生理生化试验进行初步鉴定。采用16S rRNA基因测序方法进行分子鉴定，测定其对多种常见抗生素的最低抑菌浓度（MIC），分析耐药谱特征。撰写完整的实验报告，包括实验方法、结果分析及讨论。
Isolate antibiotic-resistant bacteria from soil or water samples. Perform preliminary identification through morphological observation, Gram staining, and biochemical tests. Use 16S rRNA gene sequencing for molecular identification, determine MIC against multiple antibiotics, and analyze resistance profile.