教育研究方法

The core task of this step is to establish valuable research questions, systematically sort out relevant literature, and write a literature review. Research questions are the starting point of research, determining the direction and value of the study. Good research questions should be innovative, feasible, and practically significant. Literature review is not a simple listing of literature but a critical analysis and systematic integration of existing research.

• Use problem tree analysis method to identify research questions from educational practice and theoretical development, evaluate the importance, innovation, and feasibility of questions, and finally determine specific research questions and research objectives
• Systematically retrieve and screen relevant literature, use databases such as CNKI, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, screen core literature according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, and establish a literature management library
• Use thematic analysis and historical analysis methods to systematically sort out and critically review literature, summarize main conclusions, theoretical perspectives, research methods, and deficiencies of existing studies, and identify research gaps and entry points for this study

The core task of this step is to select appropriate research paradigms and methods and design a complete research plan. Educational research has three main paradigms: quantitative research, qualitative research, and mixed research, each with its philosophical foundation and applicable scenarios. The core of research design is to ensure research validity and reliability, enabling the study to reliably answer research questions.

• Select research paradigm (quantitative/qualitative/mixed) according to the nature of research questions, explain paradigm selection rationale and philosophical basis (positivism/constructivism/pragmatism)
• Design specific research plan, including core elements such as research subjects and sampling methods, research tools and materials, research procedures and steps, and data collection and analysis methods
• Conduct research quality assessment: quantitative research focuses on internal validity, external validity, construct validity, and conclusion validity; qualitative research focuses on credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability

The core task of this step is to develop and improve research tools and test the feasibility of research design through a pilot study. Research tools are means of data collection, and their quality directly affects the reliability and validity of research results. The pilot study is the "rehearsal" of formal research, which can identify problems in research design for timely adjustment and improvement.

• Develop or select research tools, such as questionnaires, scales, interview outlines, observation record forms, test questions, etc., and compile and revise tools according to standardized procedures
• Conduct pilot study, select small sample for pre-testing, test reliability and validity of research tools, evaluate feasibility of research procedures, and identify possible problems and difficulties
• Revise and improve research tools and research design based on pilot study results, adjust research plan, optimize data collection process, and make full preparations for formal research

The core task of this step is to systematically collect data according to research design and analyze data using appropriate methods. Data collection is the central环节 of research, requiring strict implementation according to research plan to ensure data authenticity and reliability. Data analysis requires selecting appropriate methods according to data types and research questions to extract meaningful information from data.

• Strictly implement research plan for data collection, follow ethical norms to obtain informed consent, use standardized testing procedures and data recording methods, and ensure data collection quality
• Select data analysis methods according to research paradigm: quantitative research uses descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, multivariate statistics, etc.; qualitative research uses coding analysis, thematic analysis, discourse analysis, narrative analysis, etc.
• Interpret and discuss analysis results, return to research questions and theoretical framework, explain the significance of research findings, dialogue with existing studies, and explore theoretical contribution and practical implications of the study

The core task of this step is to write a standardized academic research report and strictly abide by academic ethics and norms. The research report is the final presentation form of research achievements, and should clearly, accurately, and completely present the entire research process and main findings. Academic norms are the bottom line of academic research, including literature citation norms, data authenticity, intellectual property protection, etc.

• Write research report/paper according to academic norms, including abstract, keywords, introduction, literature review, research methods, research results, discussion and analysis, conclusions and suggestions, references, etc.
• Strictly abide by academic ethics norms, correctly cite other people's research成果,杜绝 plagiarism and plagiarism, truthfully report research data and results, and do not falsify or fabricate data
• Conduct research reflection, summarize innovations and contributions of the study, objectively analyze research limitations, propose future research directions and suggestions, embodying researchers' academic self-awareness